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Ethnicity “Versus” Gender: Women’s Narratives of Peace and Violence in Turkey
Abstract
This paper examines the interplay between feminism and ethnic identity in the context of the Kurdish women’s peace movement, which emerged during the 1990s and 2000s. Drawing from in-depth interviews and participant observation, I seek to understand how feminists negotiate and forge different identities in the peace movement and in what ways women’s ethnicity and gender-based rights claims clash. I argue that even though feminism functions as an encompassing cultural and political discourse to build a peaceful relationship between two conflicting sides, the Turkish state and Kurdish militants, these women’s emphases on creating a collected memory through remembering past traumatic events—which Kurds have been experiencing since the establishment of the Turkish nation state—make ethnic identification more effective and dominant in the movement than feminism. Regarding this social movement’s antimilitarist and antiviolence political standpoint, I am concerned with understanding how new political subjectivities position themselves in the context of the ethnic conflict between Kurdish militants and Turkish military forces. Not much effort has been made by state officials and non-governmental institutions and organizations to end this ongoing ethnic conflict, yet feminist women in diverse organizational settings are making attempts to consolidate peace between the two conflicting sides. For the structure of this project, I explore the experiences of women by situating their individual narratives in theoretical approaches related to gender, agency, and social movements. Bridging the literature on women and peace with scholarship on collective memory and social movements, this study contributes to the understanding of “intersectionality in practice” and the constraints social movement actors face in the processes of negotiating their social divisions and constituting activism across different identities.
Discipline
Sociology
Geographic Area
Turkey
Sub Area
Conflict Resolution