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Race and the New Configurations of Extraterritorial Exile in North Africa
Abstract
The rise of slave trade and displaced black communities in North Africa pose a challenge to the conceptual framework of postcolonial migration and diaspora in the Anglo-American academy. The development of this racial consciousness in North Africa in the aftermath of the Arab Spring compels us to investigate: how does ethno-racialization intersect and further expand the conceptual boundaries of defining diaspora in the Maghreb? And in what ways does racial liminality, as expressed in problematic terms such as Afro-Arab, Black Arab, North African Arab, Berber and Sub-Saharan African, foster a new modality of border-crossing that traverses the exclusionary North African nation-state? This paper examines the politics of ethno-racial marginalization of North- African Arabs and the way racialization has created new dynamics of extraterritorial belonging in the Maghreb. Ethnic Tunisian writing posits a revolutionized form of exile that is no longer defined by geographic and material mobility and border-crossing to the West. Enduring conditions of exile inside the homeland, Black Tunisians use extraterritorial displacement as an interventionist discourse against racial discrimination, forced labor migration and exclusive tribal affiliations in the MENA region. The work of the Tunisian activist-writer, Kamal Al-Riyahi, depicts the various forms of hardships young Tunisians face on daily basis due to dehumanizing state policies and racial discrimination against North-African Arabs in major Tunisian cities. By examining the dynamics of internal exile and alienation in North Africa, this paper demonstrates how contemporary Tunisian writing presents extraterritorial exile as an empowering political aesthetic not only for Arab/North African migrants overseas, but also for impoverished black communities in the Maghreb. The recent explosion of revolt and civic unrest in North Africa doesn’t only expose the practices of autocratic regimes, but also the politics of racial alienation inside North African homelands, a critical insight that ruptures the territorial and geopolitical demarcations of North African identity in the twenty first century.
Discipline
Literature
Geographic Area
All Middle East
Sub Area
Diaspora/Refugee Studies