Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to analyze the Kurdish Spring in Iraqi Kurdistan that followed and was partially influenced by the Arab Spring in 2011. Visits to Iraqi Kurdistan, scholarly articles and interviews, online sources, and newspapers, among other sources, will be employed. Despite the fact that the Kurdistan Democratic Party (KDP), led by Massoud Barzani and the Patriotic Union of Kurdistan (PUK), led by Jalal Talabani, exploited the aftermath of their 1991 failed uprising against Saddam Hussein to establish a flourishing de facto Kurdish state in the non-Arabized parts of Iraqi Kurdistan (the Kurdistan Regional Government or KRG), they became targets for attacks by their opponents for corruption and nepotism. Nevertheless, by 2005, Talabani had become the President of Iraq and Barzani the President of the KRG. Although pundits had often described Talabani as progressive and Barzani as conservative, their mutual desire for power and moneymaking gradually brought the two sides closer together. Together, they turned the KRG into a family enterprise, enriching and empowering close family members and associates, while disentrancing non-partisan Kurds. The two parties signed a strategic alliance in 2009 in an effort to preserve their leadership status not only in the Kurdistan autonomous region of Iraq but also in the central government in Baghdad. The income disparity between members of the ruling parties and non-partisans without party connections widened, disappointing a large segment of the Kurdish society, especially the youth. The non-partisans who had survived on meager resources on the Kurdistan mountains while struggling for autonomy had expected better behavior from their leaders. The Arab Spring, which started in early 2011 in Tunisia after a vendor named Mohammed Bouazizi burned himself to death in protest against the police for damaging his trolley, emboldened the Kurdish youth to rise up against their rulers’ widespread nepotism and corruption as well as their curtailment of free speech and assembly. The Gorran (Change) Party was formed and demonstrations occurred. This article will analyze the resulting Kurdish Spring in Iraqi Kurdistan and project what the future will possibly hold.
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