MESA Banner
Suhrawardi’s Peripatetic Works and Illuminationism
Abstract
The philosopher Shihab al-Din al-Suhrawardi (d. ca. 1191) is now best known for his brilliant allegories, mostly in Persian, and for a major Neoplatonic work expounding a metaphysics of light, The Philosophy of Illumination (PI), thus giving his school its name, “Illuminationism.” In the introduction to this last work he explains that it represents a break with his other philosophical works, which he describes as “Peripatetic,” because it uses a new method based on mystical intuition. It is, in fact, a characteristically Neoplatonic work, and Suhrawardi takes pain to situate himself in the Platonic tradition. He explains that his four mature Peripatetic works are a propaedeutic and sufficient for those who do not have the spiritual gifts to pursue the Illuminationist philosophy of mystical intuition. The tendency among modern scholars has been to focus on his allegories, for their literary qualities and supposed mystical depth, and on PI, because it presumably contains his real views. Nevertheless, the Peripatetic works should not be ignored; they contain the vast bulk of his philosophical writing, were in some cases written simultaneously with or even after PI, and were widely read and commented on by later Muslim philosophers. Moreover, PI was mostly commonly read through commentaries written in a Peripatetic style and drawing on the Peripatetic works. I will discuss the philosophical relations between PI and the Peripatetic works, concentrating on his most widely read Peripatetic work, The Intimations of Tablet and Throne and his collection of glosses on it, The Points at Issue, as well as the first commentary on The Intimations. PI contains a specific set of criticisms of Ibn Sina, including such doctrines as the nature of existence, the Platonic Forms, matter theory, and various technical points of logic. I will look at the extent to which these Illuminationist doctrines are discussed in his Peripatetic works, are tacitly passed over, or are contradicted. There are also points of tension among the Peripatetic works, with The Points at Issue, for example, correcting The Intimations. These works also give an indication of how we are to understand PI itself. It is clearly not meant to simply supplant the Peripatetic works, which therefore can shed light on the interpretation of its more ecstatic language. It will also give some indication of the real influence of Suhrawardi’s doctrines on later Islamic philosophy.
Discipline
Philosophy
Geographic Area
All Middle East
Sub Area
7th-13th Centuries