Mamluk Cairo witnessed massive expansion during the first two centuries of Mamluk rule, which only came to an abrupt halt as a result of the plague outbreak of 1348 CE. Yet for all of the city’s growth, vast swaths of land – especially within the city proper – remained agricultural. These properties were linked to urban institutions through the waqf system and were integral to the food provisioning of Cairo, especially in terms of its fresh produce and perishable victuals. Gardens, plantations, and farms surrounded the city both intra and extra muros. Additionally, open spaces reserved for marketing and leisure were important to the urban experience. As Cairo’s history has traditionally been one of built-up spaces and structures, looking at open and green spaces is critical to having a more complete picture. While the traditional urban/rural dichotomy is being revised and more scholarship is emerging regarding Cairo’s garden spaces, there is still much to be understood about the ways in which lands were incorporated into urban endowments and transformed as a consequence of urban expansion and sprawl. Beyond agricultural land, natural landscape features and some man-made topographies shaped the ways in which the city’s growth occurred and how surrounding lands were developed. This paper proposes to look at some of these evolutions of landscapes and uses of spaces in light of Cairo’s expansion in the early Mamluk period (1250-1348 CE). It will also highlight how the use of digital mapping in reconstructing the layout of these farmlands, open market spaces, and natural landforms can help to better illustrate Cairo’s urban history and development. Beyond recreating the city’s topography, this sort of mapping also highlights and makes clear the connections between agricultural properties and urban marketplaces. In using digital mapping to recreate Mamluk Cairo’s topography, this paper will offer a new understanding of how Cairo’s landscape shaped its development and enhanced the urban experience. Thus, by reimagining the city’s topography and reconsidering the usage of open spaces and natural features, a more complete image of Mamluk Cairo may emerge.