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Egyptomaniac Egyptians? Ancient Egypt in the Popular Literary Imaginary in Twentieth Century Egypt
Abstract
Egyptomania, as a western-turned-into-global cultural phenomenon, I argue, was restored with Napoleon’s Egyptian campaign (1798-1801). However, what evolved to be a European/western obsession with Egypt culminated in the aftermath of the discovery of King Tutankhamun’s tomb in 1922. This “Egypt craze” appeared to have a profound touch on the broad array of western (popular) art forms like theatre, architecture, fashion, film, and fiction, to name a few. This paper investigates the perceived impact of the western/globalized Egyptomania on the Egyptian literary authors of the time. How the Egyptian litterateurs re-imagined ancient Egypt in their writings, what were their various responses to the palpable “commerciality” of the western/globalized version of Egyptomania, and how the Egyptian audiences/readerships of the time responded to the different, then newly produced Egypt-themed poems, plays, sketches, short stories, novels, songs, translations, etc. are some questions that are examined in the current paper. Fashioned in anti-orientalist and/or de-colonializing manner, re-appropriating ancient Egypt in early twentieth-century in the Egyptian musical/poetic and prose theatre, fiction and lyrics was in quest of nationalist/local agenda and needs, evident (to name a few examples) in staging Cleopatra in a musical play titled "Mark Antonio and Cleopatra" in 1926, featuring the collaborative work of the “celebrities” of the day like Yunus al-Qadhi, Sayyid Darwish, Muhammad ‘Abd al-Wahhab, and Munirah al-Mahdiyyah. This success seemed to tempt Ahmad Shawqi to feature the “globalized” Cleopatra in his poetic play Ma?ra? Kiliy?p?tr? (“Death of Cleopatra”) in 1927, in an attempt that appeared like bringing (high) culture to popular entertainment. Similarly, responses to peculiar aspects of Egyptomania, like Tutmania and mummymania, are traced in works such as Shawqi’s poem T?t ?Ankh ?m?n wa h?ad??rat ?a?rih (“Tutankhamun and The Civilization of His Time”) (1926), Mahmud Taymur’s short story Fir?aun al-?agh?r (“Little Pharaoh”) (1939) and Najib Mahfuz’s short story Yaqa?at al-m?my?? (“The Awakening of the Mummy”) (1939).
Discipline
Literature
Geographic Area
Egypt
Sub Area
Pop Culture