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At the “bottom rung of the migrant hierarchy”?: Afghan experiences of the EU-Turkey Deal of 2016
Abstract
Displaced Afghans in Turkey face an intersecting set of legal, social, and political precarities that operate together to shape their lives and opportunities for seeking safety. Since the passage of the European Union (EU)-Turkey Deal of 2016, Afghan migrants and refugees in Turkey have found themselves at the “bottom rung of the migrant hierarchy” (Mackreath and Rabiei 2018). Much of the recent political geographic literature on the EU-Turkey Deal focuses almost exclusively on the plight of displaced Syrians in Turkey at the expense of empirically informed accounts of other refugee and migrant communities affected by the Deal. With a feminist political geographic framework in mind, this paper asks: How do Afghans specifically experience the effects of the EU-Turkey Deal? Through careful study of Turkish and EU legal policies and documents, paired with ethnographic interviews with Afghans themselves, this paper unpacks how Afghans, initially welcomed as guests and fellow Turkic brethren in 1980s, became ‘illegal’ border-crossers today. I show how different layers, scales, interests and actors within the Turkish state have come together as a result of the Deal to produce an intersecting set of precarities that displaced Afghans encounter on a daily basis. In doing so, I also reveal how Afghans experience and resist Turkish and EU migration regimes, as well as the structural and material uncertainties generated by displacement. Works cited: Mackreath, H. and F. Rabiei. 2018. “The Bottom Rung of Migrant Hierarchy: Afghans in Istanbul.” Los Angeles Review of Books. https://lareviewofbooks.org/article/the-bottom- rung-of-migrant-hierarchy-afghans-in-istanbul/#!
Discipline
Geography
Geographic Area
Afghanistan
Turkey
Sub Area
Diaspora/Refugee Studies