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The Kuwait Oil Company Town of Ahmadi: From British Enclave to Kuwait's Nostalgic City 1946-1975
Abstract
There has been a recent appearance of literature concerned with the "speed" of urban transformation and modernization in Kuwait. Whilst these efforts mainly concern themselves with Kuwait city proper, they fail to acknowledge that modernization occurred elsewhere in the nation as it both preceded and fueled Kuwait's development. This occurred in the Kuwait Oil Company (KOC) town of Ahmadi. This paper aims to trace an urban history of the KOC town of Ahmadi. It focuses on the period between 1946, which marks Kuwait's first export of oil, and 1975, when the KOC invited it's British and American partners to sell their shares and make way for KOC's total nationalization. It argues that what began as a modern Western-planned company town built exclusively for Westerners was later adopted by locals and in turn mediated a particular lifestyle through its urban and architectural form eventually assuming a nostalgic place in Kuwait's collective memory. The paper will begin by providing a brief description of Ahmadi's early years as an Anglo-American enclave. It will then explore the ways in which Kuwait's independence in 1961 brought about the town's gradual yet absolute demographic change from a largely British, American, Indian, Pakistani and Arab population to a primarily Kuwaiti and Arab one. Furthermore, it will analyze how urban and architectural form mediated a particular lifestyle on the part of the local by focusing on three scales. The first is the human social scale with reference to dress codes, for example, changes in female clothing which entailed the discarding of the Abaya (body cover) and Boshiya (face cover) in favor of tank tops and mini-skirts. The second is the architectural scale as reflected in the creation of residential units promoting a nuclear family structure. The third is the scale of the master plan with its introduction of greenery and public gardens. These changes took place gradually since the mid-1960s through the 1970s and all contributed to a nostalgic memory of Ahmadi as an ideal town in the Kuwaiti imagination. The study will rely on a variety of sources for its argument such as the KOC archives in Kuwait and the British Petroleum archives in Coventry which consist of master plans, planning reports, a company publication called "The Kuwaiti" in print since 1948, prolific photo archives, annual reports and old video documentaries. It will also make use of the Alqabas archives, a local Kuwaiti newspaper, and personal interviews.
Discipline
Architecture & Urban Planning
Geographic Area
Kuwait
Sub Area
Gulf Studies