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Between Gratitude and Exactitude: The Moroccan Monarchy and its jews during the Holocaust
Abstract
The Moroccan Jews have benefited from some protections, during the Vichy regime, which held power in North Africa from July 1940 to November 1942, and the Nazi holocaust, compared to many other Arab countries. However, many scholars are revisiting the myth of the monarchy as savior of the Jews. Interviews with Moroccan Jews from different ideological spectrums have shown that the relationship between the Moroccan Monarchy and its Jewish subjects is more complicated than the obviously branding narrative of the King savior. Moroccan Jews, on the “demand” side, cannot be depicted as either with or against the Moroccan monarchy, since some of them, like Andre Azoulay and Serge Berdugo, dance to monarchical tunes, while others like Abraham Serfaty or Simon Levy, are more comfortable clapping into the dissident melody. The Moroccan monarchy, during that Nazi period of Morocco, while careful about branding itself as the savior of its Jewish “subjects,” was extremely frightened about relinquishing mobilizing ground to its islamist/nationalist competitors, and was constantly polling out its center of gravities about whether it was coming out as too “Jewbvious.” Were there any Jewish members in the Moroccan resistance and why did their struggle disappear from the public discourse? Were there any professions that were off-limit to Moroccan Jews in that period? If it is true that Morocco’s current Alaoui dynasty had welcomed the dismissed Andalusian Jews in Morocco and King Mohammed V protected his Jewish “subjects” from the Vichy Nazi reach, it is equally true that it was King Mohamed V who signed the anti-Semitic Vichy laws through his 1940 and 1941 royal decrees. Were there any pogroms in Morocco (Oujda 1948)? How is this period of Moroccan history imagined/reimagined by Moroccans today? What are the Jewish narratives of opposite sides on the Moroccan exception when it comes to the Holocaust arguing? The Moroccan Sultan, as Historian Georges Bensoussan argues, had met the leaders of the Jewish community only once and in private in the spring of 1942 to tell them that he personally disapproved of the Vichy measures. However, for the Historian Haim Zafrani, a 1941 telegram entitled “dissidence,” reporting how Sultan Mohamed V had invited the members of the Jewish community to celebrate his crowning, was discovered, in 1985 in the archive of foreign affairs in Morocco.
Discipline
Political Science
Geographic Area
All Middle East
Sub Area
Diaspora/Refugee Studies