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The Demand for Dignity as an Evaluative Standard of Justice
Abstract
Despite being the central demand that ignited the 2011 Arab uprisings, "dignity" continues to be invoked as a dominant buzzword in analysis of the Middle East and North Africa but has yet to be examined as a potential explanatory trope in its own right. Within the context of the transitional justice process launched in Tunisia in the aftermath of the 2011 uprising, this paper analyzes the demand for dignity as articulated by three main victim groups: the families of the martyrs and injured who were wounded by police fire during the 2011 demonstrations, veiled women who were legally and systematically denied the right to wear a headscarf and practice their religious freedom openly (1982-2013), and political prisoners placed under “Administrative Control” upon their release and denied employment, housing, and political participation (1987-2013). Based on interviews, participation in national consultations, public testimonies and archival research, I analyze how their different historical grievances—based on gender, religion, and class, respectively—stake competing appeals to “dignity.” This paper examines dignity as a theory of moral justice that may never be realized, but the claims to which bring into focus the role of moral values in mobilizing claims for justice. In the context of comparative studies of the appeals of different forms of justice (reparative, retributive, redistributive), this paper asks: What is the role of dignity in the context of a political transition toward a more democratic system of governance?
Discipline
Anthropology
Geographic Area
Tunisia
Sub Area
Democratization