Abstract
In 2007, Mustafa al-Nagar made waves in the Arabic and English-language press by supporting the idea of a female or minority candidate in the Egyptian office of the president. A Cairo-based Muslim Brother, al-Nagar took issue with the proposed 2007 Party Platform and challenged the General Guidance Council to prove their commitment to Islamic moderation. The subsequent back-and-forth between al-Nagar and the leadership apparatus provides a ground-level perspective into the internal debates and ideological divisions of the contemporary Muslim Brothers. By combing through three years of al-Nagar's blog, "Waves in the Sea of Change", and five years of English-language wire service, this paper traces the political and social development of Mustafa al-Nagar and situates Islamist blogging within the framework of the Muslim Brothers' post-1984 metamorphosis into a moderate political party.
This research begins with a comparison of secularist and Islamist bloggers in an endeavor to test the limits of conceptualizing the Egyptian blogosphere as a public sphere (Habermas 1991). Theoretically rooted in Gabriel Almond and Sidney Verba's criteria for civic culture and liberalism (1963), an examination of al-Nagar's blog serves to shed light on the Muslim Brothers' public commitment to the democratic rules of the game and subsequent difficulty in responding to fellow Brothers as party constituents. In provocative posts such as "Preaching is Not Enough" and "Thanks Professor Akef...But Let's Talk," al-Nagar reconciles an Islamist worldview with the Western tenets of modernization and urges the Muslim Brothers to adopt a liberal agenda. By highlighting the intellectual convergence and political alliances between secularist and Islamist bloggers, this research aims to prod the Arabic and English-language literature on modern Islamic movements (Al-'Anani 2007; Lynch 2007; El-Ghobashy 2005; Wickham 2002). Al-Nagar's efforts to build bridges with non-Islamist activists and selective support for anti-regime demonstrations displays the innovative state of opposition politics in Egyptian state and society today. A study of al-Nagar demonstrates the modernist worldview of political Islamists - contrary to the radical portrayal of the Muslim Brothers prevalent in Western policy circles as well as in sectors of the academy - and makes a case for the contemporary Muslim Brothers' liberal ideological transformation. Al-Nagar's presentation of blogging as online da`wa exhibits the continuing salience of political Islamism in the post-9/11 context of global neoliberalism and Egyptian authoritarianism.
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