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Questioning Strava's Darkness: GPS, Big Data, and Who's Running in Palestine
Abstract
In November 2017, a social media company for athletes named Strava published their Global Heatmap. Strava collects data from the activity routes of individual users and generalizes them as the number of instances increase. At the time, 27 million users registered 13 trillion GPS points from users who opted to share their runs, bike rides, hikes, and swims with others in the global exercise community. What a consumer of Strava’s Heatmap data notices is that lots of people use their GPS watches and workout in rich, typically western economies and locations. Such locations are lit up like a lightbulb. In underdeveloped economies of the Global South, there is mostly darkness outside of major cities, which are dimmer or less active than Western cities. The narrative that unfolds is “Westerners” run and move and “non-Westerners” do not. Yet, Strava’s big data renders some running communities invisible with darkness. When examining the data provided by Strava for Palestine/Israel, the same broad pattern emerges: Israeli cities are bright and their inhabitants are active while the West Bank is dim and inactive. Gaza exists in abject Strava darkness, suggesting that no one is running, hiking, or tracking steps there. This paper’s purpose is to challenge the narrative of this big data because it fails to accurately represent foot exercise in the West Bank and Gaza. To counter the narrative Strava produces, which was dependent on expensive GPS devices as well as people willingness to share on social media, I rely on interviews with Palestinian runners and their Right to Movement grassroots running communities. I support this methodological tool with original and unpublished results from a survey with over 80 responses from Palestinian runners. My argument shows that socio-economic reasons mean few people have GPS watches and Palestinians approach running differently compared to the perceptions of runners based in the Global North. These factors are simply not captured by Strava’s big data. Therefore, this paper questions Palestine’s darkness and critiques the conclusions propagated by Strava’s Heatmap. By engaging the theoretical literature on mass data as well as mobility justice, this paper provides novel insights from a political economy standpoint about an under-researched running community in the Middle East while additionally sharing the findings of an original survey.
Discipline
Political Science
Geographic Area
Palestine
Sub Area
19th-21st Centuries