“What are the Iranians dreaming about?” Michel Foucault raised this question on the eve of the 1979 Iranian revolution. Four decades after Foucault’s question and answer, postrevolutionary Iran has gone under profound and paradigmatic socio-political shifts. Hence, we need to ask one more time “what are the Iranians dreaming about today?" This paper is an attempt to answer this question in light of Iran’s progressive social movement of “Zan, Zendegi, Azadi” (Women, Life, Freedom), which sparked in September 2022 after the death in detention of Jina (Mahsa) Amini by Iran’s morality police. The paper is divided into three sections to answer this central question. Inspired by critical postcolonial and subaltern studies, the first section problematizes the nature and the evolution of the Iranian “state” in the post-Green Movement of 2009. It shows the state rules in the name of god and the subaltern (the mostaz’afin), but in the service of a crony clerical oligarchy backed by the security-military apparatus. Hence, the state has betrayed both the “sacred” and the “secular”. Inspired by social movement theories, the second section demonstrates the dynamics of Iran’s “civil society” and its “post-Islamist social condition” (not post-Islam as a religion and culture) where all forms of Islamist discourses are socio-intellectually exhausted, making the Islamic Republic of Iran as an anachronical phenomenon. Given the rise of multiple democratic social movements in post-2009 Iran, the paper shows in detail how discursive, structural, and demographic paradigmatic shifts at the “societal” level have profoundly contributed to Iran’s “post-Islamist renaissance” and to a cautious optimism for the rise of a post-Islamist “polity”. The third section examines major structural and non-structural obstacles to the materialization of a post-Islamist “polity”. It will be argued that the current post-Islamist “social” condition is surrounded by some “political” obstacles. Using a “dialectics of structure and agency,” the paper examines how the interaction of three factors of the “state apparatus”, “uneven socio-economic conditions” and the complexity of “global power” structure reinforce structural obstacles. The conditions of “agential” factors will be examined by their “leadership” skills, “organizational” capacities, and “ideological discourses” of Iran’s pro-democracy forces. The conclusion sheds light on whether and under what conditions Iran’s social-political agents may transform structural obstacles into opportunities to materialize the Iranians’ dream of a post-Islamist democratic polity.