Abstract
This paper will address the 13th and 14th century Anatolian phenomenon of the urban brotherhood from a multi-linguistic, multi-religious, multi-cultural perspective. The Armenian priest-poet Yovhannes Erznkac'i wrote a canon for the Armenian brotherhood of Erznka in the late 13th century. In order to understand the importance of this text (and the social phenomena associated with it) in an Armenian context, this paper places the brotherhood within the larger framework of the development of the Islamicate notion of futuwwa as a code of chivalrous (or at the very least, appropriate) behavior.
Understanding the Armenian pronouncement of futuwwa from the greater perspective of the socio-political paradigms that existed in 13th and 14th century Islamicate (and, yet, majority Christian) lands of Anatolia allows us to form new and important conclusions about the ways in which Christians and Muslims coexisted under a somewhat standardized urban umbrella of social organization during a time period of regional political unrest.
At the same time, it allows us to reconsider these somewhat standardized urban associations from the framework of political and social practicality -- a practicality upon which, it might seem, religion bore very little consequence. This, in turn, encourages us to approach the late medieval period in Armenian, Persian and Turkish Anatolian history more from the perspective of "connectedness" rather than from a viewpoint of disjointed, linear histories. In fact, this paper suggests that not doing so does a disservice to our understanding of the depth and significance of this particular period's urban development.
Using sources from a variety of languages, this specific study shows the necessity of contextualizing Armenian sources with contemporary texts composed in other languages in order to best approach historical reality. At the same time, the study insists upon the inclusion of Armenian texts in the larger historical narrative of the foundation period of the Ottoman Empire and the early centuries of its expansion.
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