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Moroccan Jews in the Moroccan Diaspora: Forced to Forget, and Resisting to Remember
Abstract
This paper offers a new approach to the concept of memories, as a site of both oppression, forcing minorities to forget their cultures, and of redemption, where minorities use their memories as means of defiance and resistance against erasure. Focusing on Moroccan Jews who were taken (a concept I have developed) by Zionist establishment to partitioned Palestine, I will critically engage with the forced construction of a unified and ‘bleached’ “Jewish” memory of Moroccan Jews by Zionist Ashkenazis, intentionally erasing Jewish-Moroccan memory. Divided into two parts, this paper first focuses on the oppressive mechanisms used in this violent project of memory cleansing by Ashkenazi establishment. The paper will then move to discuss what I call ‘the reverse exodus movement home’, both physically and conceptually, where this same memory becomes a site of resistance, reviving instead and redeeming stolen memories. Ashkenazi establishment not only deprived Moroccan Jews of any access to political, social, educational, and monetary resources. It also deprived them of the right to dream. To remember and to never forget. Filtered by and through Zionist lenses, they were constructed to think they were primitive and dangerous, and, therefore, needed to be modernized and saved. Memory has been replaced by a forced sense of gratitude. Their relationships with themselves, let alone with their origins have been erased, and filtered through Eurocentric ideals. Their Moroccaness is only a memory, and this memory is a memory that should be resisted. Yet, leading us to the second part of the paper, it is here in this exact moment that memory becomes a site of resistance, with Moroccan Jews resisting the Zionist imposition as ‘past-less’, and of revival, instead, of what has been erased. I will then discuss the exodus of Moroccan Jews, focusing on my ethnographic experience in regaining my memories through experience and life in Morocco, where the filters are abandoned, and gaze is shifted to me, the Moroccan Jewish woman remembering her stolen past, restoring her future. Referring to the recent peace accord, I argue that only history can witness whether it bears any will changes for Moroccan Jews in Israel. Coming back home, memory becomes a reality, not filtered by Zionist intervention, negotiated through my standpoint, dialoguing with my parents’ experiences. Morocco is more than a memory of a home to Moroccan Jews. It is past, present and future. It has become a means of restoring stolen memories and dignity.
Discipline
Law
Geographic Area
Morocco
Sub Area
Islamic Law