Abstract
The paper will examine the ways in which Palestinian children became key consumers of new forms and institutions of commercial leisure as well as its co-producers in the city of Haifa in Northern Palestine during the British Mandate period. An examination of Haifa’s locale provides us with a unique historical case study as in a short period of time this city experienced accelerated economic, social, spatial and demographic processes that thoroughly impacted children’s life. Under the context of the national struggle over Palestine, competing interests and aspirations regarding Haifa’s future on the part of the British colonial government, the Zionist movement, and local Palestinians, led to a massive development of the city, which evolved from a small town into an industrial metropolis, a hub of employment and a regional crossroad. These processes resulted in a vast expansion of the urban infrastructures that laid the foundation for the flourishing of cultural life. A whole range of public and commercial institutions of modern leisure as well as new patterns of cultural consumption quickly sprang up in various parts of the city, changing the face of urban culture. The possibilities for leisure consumption proliferated, becoming accessible to the city’s various social groups. Relying on oral interviews, Ephemera collections, photographs and memoirs, in addition to Arabic newspapers and archival material, the paper will analyze how these extensive processes were experienced by Arab-Palestinian children. It will illuminate how Haifa’s urban transformation undermined the familiar traditional order that dictated access to the public sphere, which in turn encouraged children to take part in the city’s cultural life. At the same time, due to the increasing national struggle, the social importance of children and youth grew stronger, while new and substantial expectations were placed on their shoulders with regards to the future of the budding nation. The paper will show how the shifts in the social status of children brought about inter-generational tensions that were intensified in light of the political tension.
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