Drawing on the poetry of twentieth-century, Iranian poet, Forugh Farrokhzad, this paper seeks to contribute to the discourse of feminist epistemology as it relates to women’s religious identity. Building on the scholarship of Fatemeh Keshavarz on remaking the sacred through literature, I present Farrokhzad’s poetry as a model for “sacred-making” that speaks to the struggles of Muslim women seeking to live an Islam that is empowering rather than stifling.
Farrokhzad has lived on through her poetry both inside and outside of Iran in multiple ways: as a major contributor to modern Iranian poetry, pushing the boundaries of literary and cultural traditions, and exemplifying Iran as it existed before the Revolution for a community living in diaspora. Farzaneh Milani writes of Farrokhzad’s candor, and the reflection of self found in her poetry that was not hidden by the “anonymity or opacity of a veil.” Hamid Dabashi points to Farrokhzad’s poems as reflecting what he considers to be the essence of Shi’i Islam, a resistance of injustice. Echoing the theme of protest, Jasmin Darznik writes of Farrokhzad as “a vital coordinate” for Iranian American women in the discourse on gender, faith, social justice and human rights. I bring together the framing of Farrokhzad’s work by these scholars with my own reading of her poetry to present it as a model for the ways in which Muslim women’s experiences can give shape to ways of reinterpreting and identifying as Muslim.
Rather than reading Farrokhzad’s work as solely oppositional to Islam, I offer a reading that regards her poetry as carrying out the necessary task of holding up a mirror to the ways institutional expressions of Islam too often continue to hinder women’s self-realization. I read Farrokhzad within the context of a rich tradition of poetry that weaves together the erotic and the esoteric, that offers social critique, expresses joy and heartbreak, and values personal experience as a form of knowledge. In doing so, I hope to show how the articulation of Muslim women’s experiences outside of traditional religious scripture can be empowering on an individual level in regards to defining one’s own identity as a Muslim, and can add to the larger discourse of what it means to be Muslim.
Religious Studies/Theology
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