Reproductive labor is central to the functioning of global capitalism, yet is often relegated to the “gender slot.” This is especially evident in a long-standing and enduring division between feminist inquiries and Marxian analysis of labor in the Middle East. Where the latter has traditionally focused on organized labor and capitalist class formation in largely urban contexts, the former is presumed to speak for activities cast narrowly as “women’s work,” including food provisioning, child rearing, domestic work, household management, and subsistence agriculture. Some strands of Marxism have even fixated on crude, accelerationist predictions about the eventual disappearance of the peasantry and, thus, their vital forms of reproductive work. Under the banner of rural development, socialist and capitalist states alike targeted reproduction as a domain of “improvement” while squeezing reproductive labor to meet changing demands of production. The uneven aftermaths of land reform in the MENA remain deeply gendered. As agriculturalists across the region grapple with large-scale privatization and deepening ecological and health crises, they also defend their livelihoods in ways that defy a separation between reproductive and productive labor. This panel seeks to bridge the gap between political economy and feminist analysis in the MENA through the lens of agrarian reproduction, based on ethnographic research in Lebanon, Sudan, Jordan, and Iraqi Kurdistan. Bringing together feminist political economy and critical agrarian studies, each paper traces how macro-processes of agrarian change are linked to micro-level shifts in everyday reproductive activities. In doing so, the panel addresses the following questions: How is agrarian life sustained and reproduced in the MENA? What are the forms of labor – remunerated, unremunerated, gendered, informal, other-than-human – that allow rural families to derive a livelihood, partly or entirely, from agriculture in the region? What inequalities have emerged in the countryside amidst decades of welfare retrenchment and market liberalization, and how do different classes of cultivators defend their right to remain agriculturalists in ways that challenge the presumed separation between waged and unwaged labor? Finally, how can ethnographic analysis of rural reproductive labor in the MENA contribute to broader theories of the restructuring of social relations under late capitalism, particularly in our current era of ecological crisis? Taken together, the papers in this panel show how focusing on reproductive labor illuminates material changes and continuances, particularly social and environmental, across multiple scales (the body, the family and household, the village, the nation, and the region) in rural life.